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22 December 2023

Legal News Alert - Special Edition: Real Estate Law

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22/12/2023

ALERTA DE NOVEDADES LEGALES

LEGAL NEWS ALERT

Derecho Inmobiliario

Real Estate Law

Aspectos relevantes del Decreto de Necesidad y Urgencia N° 70/2023

A continuación comentamos los aspectos más relevantes que, en cuestiones de derecho inmobiliario, regula el Decreto de Necesidad y Urgencia N° 70/2023 (B.O. 21/12/2023), bajo el Título X “Justicia”:

  • Deroga la Ley N° 26.737 de Tierras Rurales que establecía limitaciones para que las personas humanas y jurídicas extranjeras adquieran el dominio o la posesión de tierras rurales.
  • Deroga la Ley N° 27.551 de Alquileres.
  • Introduce modificaciones relevantes a diversos artículos del Código Civil y Comercial (“CCyC”), tanto en materia de locaciones como en cuestiones contractuales generales, incluyendo, entre otras:
    - Se modifica el artículo 765 CCyC, suprimiendo la posibilidad de que el deudor de una obligación de dar moneda que no sea de curso legal en el país pueda liberarse dando el equivalente en moneda de curso legal, aclarando que el deudor sólo se libera si entrega las cantidades comprometidas en la moneda pactada y que los jueces no pueden modificar la forma de pago o la moneda pactada por las partes.
    - En materia de libertad de contratación, se modifica el artículo 958 CCyC, disponiéndose que las partes son libres para celebrar un contrato y determinar su contenido, dentro de los límites impuestos por la ley o el orden público. Las normas legales siempre son de aplicación supletoria a la voluntad de las partes expresada en el contrato, aunque la ley no lo determine en forma expresa para un tipo contractual determinado, salvo que la norma sea expresamente imperativa, y siempre con interpretación restrictiva.
    - Por la reforma del artículo 960 CCyC, se dispone que los jueces no tienen facultades para modificar las estipulaciones de los contratos, excepto que sea a pedido de una de las partes cuando lo autoriza la ley.
  • Respecto de las locaciones en particular se prevé, entre otras cuestiones, que:
    - El plazo de las locaciones con cualquier destino será el que las partes hayan establecido. Los plazos de 2 años para vivienda permanente y de 3 años para los restantes destinos sólo serán aplicables cuando las partes no hayan establecido expresamente otro plazo.
    - Los alquileres podrán establecerse en moneda de curso legal o en moneda extranjera, al libre arbitrio de las partes. El locatario no podrá exigir que se le acepte el pago en una moneda diferente a la establecida en el contrato.
    - Las partes podrán pactar el ajuste del valor de los alquileres. Será válido el uso de cualquier índice pactado por las partes, público o privado, expresado en la misma moneda en la que se pactaron los alquileres. 
    - Se suprime la exigencia de que hayan transcurrido 6 meses de vigencia del contrato para que el locatario pueda rescindir el contrato y se modifica la penalidad que establecía anteriormente el CCyC en caso de rescisión anticipada del contrato por parte del locatario, previéndose que el locatario podrá, en cualquier momento, resolver la contratación abonando el equivalente al 10% del saldo del canon locativo futuro, calculado desde la fecha de la notificación de la rescisión hasta la fecha de finalización pactada en el contrato.

Para mayor información, por favor contactar a Guillermo E. Quiñoa y Rosario Stoppani.

Relevant aspects of the Decree of Necessity and Urgency No. 70/2023

Please find below the most relevant aspects of real estate law regulated by the Decree of Necessity and Urgency No. 70/2023, under Title X “Justice”:

  • Repeals Rural Lands Law No. 26,737, which established limitations to the acquisition of ownership or possession of rural lands by foreign individuals and legal entities.
  • Repeals Lease Law No. 27,551.
  • Introduces relevant amendments to the Civil and Commercial Code ("CCyC"), both in the regulation of the lease agreements and also in general contractual matters, including, among others, the following:
    - Section 765 CCyC is modified, eliminating the possibility of the debtor of an obligation to give currency that is not legal tender in the country to liberate itself by giving currency that is legal tender, and clarifying that the debtor only liberates itself by giving the amounts committed in the agreed currency and that judges cannot modify the form of payment or the currency agreed by the parties.
    - In terms of freedom to contract, Section 958 CCyC is modified, providing that parties are free to enter into any contract and determine its content, within the limits imposed by law or public order. Legal dispositions are supplementary to the parties’ will expressed in the contract, unless the law is expressly mandatory, and always pursuant to a restrictive interpretation.
    - Section 960 CCyC is modified, providing that judges have no power to modify the terms of contracts, except by request of one of the parties when authorised by law.
  • In relation to lease contracts in particular, it is provided, among other matters, that:
    - The term of the contract, regardless of the destination of the property, shall be the one established by the parties. The terms of 2 years for permanent housing and 3 years for other purposes shall only be applicable when the parties have not expressly established another term. 
    - Lease prices can be established in legal tender or foreign currency, at the free will of the parties. The tenants cannot request to pay in a currency other than the one  established in the contract.
    - Parties may agree on the adjustment of the lease price. The use of any index agreed upon by the parties, public or private, expressed in the same currency in which the lease price was agreed upon, shall be valid.
    - The requirement that 6 months of the term of lease contract have elapsed before the tenant may terminate the agreement is eliminated and the penalty previously established by the CCyC in the event of early termination of the agreement by the tenant is modified, providing that the tenant shall be entitled, at any time, to terminate the contract by paying the equivalent of 10% of the future lease price, calculated from the date of the notice of termination until the termination date agreed upon in the contract.

For further information, please refer to Guillermo E. Quiñoa and Rosario Stoppani.

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Aviso: esta publicación y la información contenida en la misma no tiene por objeto reemplazar la consulta con un asesor legal.
Notice: this legal news alert is not intended to replace legal advice but to provide information of general interest.

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